Data
⇒ Any fact or piece of information that can be recorded is called Data..
Example:Text, numbers, images, audio, video, speech, maps.
Database (DB)
⇒ A collection of interrelated data.
Types of Databases
⇒ Traditional Database (TDB): Stores text and numbers.
⇒ Multimedia Database (MDB):Stores media files like videos, speech, songs, and movies.
⇒ Geographic Information System (GIS):Stores images and maps of the earth.
⇒ Real-time Database (RDB):Used in environments like production and supermarkets where data changes frequently.
⇒ Data Warehouse (DW):Stores large amounts of historical data.
Database Management System (DBMS)
It is a set of programs or software used to define, store, and manipulate databases
A Database Management System (DBMS) manages the data and ensures that it is organized, stored efficiently, and is easily accessible to authorized users. It provides mechanisms for data storage, retrieval, security, and ensures data integrity.
Database System (DBS)
DBS is the combination of a database (DB) and a database management system (DBMS).
A Database System (DBS) refers to the complete environment that includes not only the DBMS software but also the database, hardware, and all the resources required to manage and maintain the data. It is a broader concept that encompasses the entire setup, including users, data, and applications.
Database Management System (DBMS) is used in various fields to manage data efficiently. Here are some common applications:
Banking:Tracks all transactions like deposits, withdrawals, and transfers.
Airlines:Manages flight reservations and schedules.
Universities:Keeps records of student registrations, grades, and courses.
File Processing System
Software that stores and manages files on a computer's hard drive.
⇒ Can only access one file or table at a time.
⇒ Stores data directly in a set of files, without any relation between the files.
⇒ Files are grouped into directories (folders), which can contain other files and folders.
Database Management System (DBMS)
DBMS is a Software that allows users to efficiently define, create, maintain, and share databases.
Advantages:
⇒ Manages large amounts of data in an organized way.
⇒ Allows multiple users to access and modify the data simultaneously.
Examples: Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, MS Access, dBASE, FoxPro, SQLite, PostgreSQL, MariaDB.
Data Redundancy and Inconsistency:
⇒ Duplicate data in different files.
Difficulty in Accessing Data:
⇒ Hard to get the data you need.
Data Isolation:
⇒ Data spread out in many files.so it is hard to gather all the necessary data
